Luteinizing hormone is a glycoprotein released by the pituitary gland and controlled by the hypothalamic hormone GnRH. It is composed of two different subunits, α and ß.
The α subunit is structurally similar to
Luteinizing hormone is a glycoprotein released by the pituitary gland and controlled by the hypothalamic hormone GnRH. It is composed of two different subunits, α and ß.
The α subunit is structurally similar to the one of other glycoprotein hormones (TSH, FSH, hCG), while the ß subunit is a specific hormone.
In females, really high values of estradiol, typical of the pre-ovulation period, instead of decreasing the LH secretion, cause a sharp increase (positive feedback) with a consequent induction of the ovulation and follicular rupture.
High concentrations can be detected in case of premature menopause, Turner syndrome, ovarian agenesis, ovariectomy. Low concentrations are detectable in case of amenorrhea, anovulatory menstrual cycle, hypopituitarism, ovarian neoplasia.
In males, the hormone stimulates the spermatogenesis and the production of testosterone.
High concentrations can be detected in case of testicular agenesis, anorchia, orchiectomy, delayed puberty; low concentrations are found in case of testicular disorder, hypopituitarism, female testicular syndrome, testicular neoplasia.
